Ultrasound
is a non-invasive, cost effective and easily available procedure that uses high
frequency sound waves to view internal organs and produce images of the human
body
The
human ear cannot hear the sound waves used in an ultrasound. It has both
diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, technical term use for ultrasound is
SONOGRAPHY.
INDICATIONS FOR ULTRASOUND
1: Diagnostic
For
abdominal scan
•localized
abdominal pain with indefinite clinical features
•suspected
intra-abdominal abscess
•Nonspecific
abdominal mass
•Suspected
intra-abdominal mass
•Abdominal
trauma
For pelvic
scan
•Dysuria,
frequency of micturition and hematuria
•Recurrent
Urinary tract infection
•Retention of
urine
•Pelvic pain
and mass
•Abnormal
vaginal discharge and bleeding
•Amenorrhea,
IUCD, infertility
Pregnancy
•To confirm
intrauterine pregnancy.
•Recognize
simple or multiple pregnancy.
•In case of
abortion.
•Diagnose fetal
abnormalities
•Location of
placenta and amount of amniotic fluid and recognize IUGR.
IUGR= (Intra uterine Growth
Retardation).
•Confirm the
presentation and position of fetus.
2: Therapeutic Indication
•Useful for
guidance of biopsies
•liver
•Breast
•Prostate
•Intra-abdominal
abscess drainage
Advantages and limitations of ultrasound
•Noninvasive
comparatively safer imaging technique and painless procedure.
•widely
available, low cost and easy to use.
•No radiation,
so preferred technique for monitoring pregnant women and their un born children.
•Soft tissues,
such as the liver, spleen kidney and pancreas can be imaged directly without
the injection of any sort.
•Real time
image generation
•Entire abdomen
and pelvis can be rapidly scanned.
•Can display
the movement and actual function of the body's organs and blood vessels.
•Main
limitation: does not reflect clearly from bone or air.
Preparation of the patient
A: Abdominal
ultra sound
•Adults: Nothing by mouth for 8hrs preceding the
examination.
•Infant:
Nothing by mouth for 3hrs preceding the examination.
•In case of
acute abdomen, no preparation is required.
B: For pelvic ultrasound
•Patient should
drink 4 or 5 glasses of fluid.
•Do not allow the patient to micturate.
ULTRASOUND SERVICES